Restricted Mouth Opening And Its Preventive Therapy - A Literature Review

Microstomia is a term used to describe a small oral aperture, which is different from micrognathia in which patients have small jaws. The term microstomia may be better defined as any restriction in the range of motion of the mandible, so it is functionally reduced mouth opening. Normal maximum mouth opening ranges from 36-77mm in healthy individual with average value of 40-50mm. Abstract: Statement of problem: Patients with restricted mouth opening are unable to perform normal functions like; mastication, deglutition, and speech. Normal oral opening is also essential for facial expressions and social interaction. Caries and periodontal problems are also common as oral hygiene maintenance is very difficult due to limited access. Furthermore, performing dental procedures become challenging in such patients. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to discuss preventive therapies involved in management of restricted mouth opening. Material and methods: Searches performed in MEDLINE related to restricted mouth opening and a systematic review was carried out regarding various preventive treatment options for such patients. Results: Reviewed literature revealed that the management of restricted mouth opening is a challenge for dental professionals. In order to prevent the occurrence of limited opening of mouth, various non-surgical treatment modalities have been suggested. If there is existing limited mouth opening; different intraoral and extraoral stretching devices which are static or dynamic in nature, along with different exercise programme have been suggested to increase the oral opening. Conclusion: In order to prevent or reduce the occurrence of limited mouth opening, various approaches have been suggested. These approaches can be either pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological involves physiotherapy and splint therapy. Oral hygiene maintenance is difficult for patients with limited mouth opening, so an extensive oral health care should be given in form of preventive or restorative measures.